Past January 31st 2008, only 5 House districts opened up the rest of the year. In 2010, that number was reached within the first twelve days of February. After MI-03 and CA-33 earlier this week, three new open seats popped up yesterday alone - all of which were big surprises: FL-21, FL-25 and RI-01.
The first two are held by Republicans and the third by Democrats, which increases the number of open seats the parties have to defend to 19 and 15, respectively. That discrepancy is usually nuanced by the important caveat that most of the GOP’s open seats will not be competitive while most of Democrats’ are vulnerable, but yesterday’s news is a rare piece of sunshine for the DCCC: Both FL-21 and FL-25 could fall in Democratic hands, while RI-01 is unlikely to host a competitive race.
The twist: There are three open seats, but only two retirements! What gives?
The answer lies in a head-scratching and perhaps unprecedented move by the Diaz-Balart brothers, who represent two districts in Southern Florida. Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart, a 55-year old who has represented Northern Miami (FL-21) since 1993, announced he would retire from politics. Within hours, his 48-year old brother Mario stated that he would give up his own district, which covers western Miami-Dade County (FL-25) and which he has represented since 2003, to run for his brother’s!
The result of this bizarre switcheroo: Neither FL-21 nor FL-25 will have incumbents on the ballot in November, though FL-21’s voters will have a Republican nominee who already serves in Congress and who shares the incumbent’s last name.
Mario’s rationale appears to be that his brother’s district is more strongly Republican, thus presumably helping him have a longer career in the House. In 2008, Democrats tried to oust both of them but they fell well short in FL-21 (Lincoln prevailed by double-digits) while coming closer in FL-25 (Mario won 53% to 47%).
But I am struggling to fully make sense of this motivation. For one, FL-21 is only marginally more Republican. In 2004, it voted for Bush by 12% rather than 10%; in 2008, it voted for McCain by 2% rather than 1%. Is that worth pulling such a shady move over? Second, and this to me makes the Diaz Balarts’ move even more puzzling, Florida’s congressional map could be significantly altered in two years: Given how heavily gerrymandered the state is, Democrats are likely to force dramatic changes if they can control the Governor’s Mansion. Even if the GOP holds all levels of powers, they are likely to impose substantial redrawing since the state’s political dynamics have changed quite a bit since 2001.
Before parties get to 2011-2012, however, they have 2010 to take care of, and the Diaz-Balarts handed Democrats two unexpected opportunities. Yes, both districts lean to the right, as is testified by Bush’s double-digits victories in 2000 and 2004 and John McCain’s victories. That makes the GOP favored to keep them given how hostile the electorate is towards Democrats this cycle. But there are numerous reasons for the NRCC to be unhappy.
The first: Both districts not only gave Barack Obama 49% of the vote (all the more respectable a showing that Florida was more immune to 2008’s blue wave than most of the country), but they are both trending blue. While Florida switched by 5% between 2000 and 2004, John Kerry closed the gap by 2% in FL-21 and lost only 2% in FL-25. More significant is a comparison between 2000 and 2008. While Barack Obama improved Al Gore’s statewide performance by just 2%, he did so by 14% in FL-21 and 9% in FL-25. In short: Obama’s 49% is not just due to an atypically favorable environment.
Second, red wave or not FL-25 is sure to be competitive. Democrats have a bench of contenders to choose from: The two names that are already mentioned are 2008 nominee Joe Garcia, who now works in the Obama administration, and Miami-Dade Commission Katy Sorenson. The GOP has a number of state legislators to choose from, with state Senate Majority Leader Alex Diaz and state Rep. David Rivera already positioning themselves for the run.
Third, while FL-21 is gaining less buzz because one Diaz-Balart will be running instead of another, there is an obvious question as to how voters will feel about the brothers’ seat switching. The two districts might be geographically close, but that doesn’t mean they should be treated as interchangeable; it doesn’t mean that voters have the same interests or problems! They could have a shot at picking-up the district if Democrats manage to recruit a strong candidate and to blast Mario for his entitlement.
Take a look at the statement Mario put out in announcing his move from FL-25 to FL-21:
This is a natural move for me; in my years of public service at both the federal and state levels, I have had the privilege of representing most of the communities that make up Congressional District 21, including Hialeah, Westchester, Doral, Kendall, Miami Lakes, Hialeah Gardens, Medley and Palmetto Bay. I have done so with devotion and dedication, effectively and with proven results…
My decision will open a path for a number of young leaders with proven track records and distinguished service within District 25 to move up and continue serving our community.
Besides the hypocrisy of the second paragraph (is he seriously trying to justify his move by explaining it would open the door to a new generation of leaders in FL-25 when he is effectively blocking the path to anyone not named Diaz-Balart over in FL-21?), the first paragraph is downright bizarre: Mario is arguing that he should be elected to a new district because he’s already represented it. Sure, he is referring to posts he held prior to joining the House, but such phrases should help Democrats raise doubts in voters’ minds as to whether Mario can be trusted to think of himself as their representative.
All of this said, candidates who try to succeed family members are more often than not successful, no matter how much they are criticized. Think of Duncan Hunter’s easy CA-50 victory after… Duncan Hunter’s retirement; or of the many widows who are elected in special elections, often with no obvious qualifications; or of the many dynasties, starting with the Kennedys. While Caroline Kennedy or Chris Kennedy’s bids to join the Senate proved unsuccessful, I remain stunned that they were both treated so seriously.
It is thus probable that the GOP has the clear upper-hand in defending FL-21 and that Democrats are likely to devote most of their attention to FL-25.
One key question: Democrats have been saying for more than a decade that Southern Florida’s Cuban-American electorate will finally start deserting Republicans, but so far they have largely stuck to the GOP, which helped all three incumbents Democrats were targeting to survive more easily than expected (the two Diaz-Balarts and Ros-Lehtinen). Yet, Barack Obama’s over-performance relatively to his statewide showing suggests that Democrats might be able to score a breakthrough. Might open seats help? The NRCC’s hope will surely be that Marco Rubio’s potential presence at the top of the ticket might increase turnout among Cuban-American Republicans and keep some district voters from switching to the Democratic Party.
A Kennedy-less Congress?
For the first time since John F. Kennedy joined the House in 1946, Congress will not have a Kennedy in its midst come 2011. Rep. Patrick Kennedy, son of Teddy, just announced he would not seek re-election this fall. This comes as a big surprise, since he is only 42, though it has to be said that he has been in the House since 1994. He has also struggled with personal problems, which made him repeatedly enter in a rehabilitation facility for addiction and depression problems, most recently this summer. His father’s death might also have pushed him towards this decision.
His decision opens up Rhode Island’s first district, the more Democratic of the state’s two districts, which is saying a lot considering Rhode Island is one of the bluest states in the country. RI-01 gave more than 60% to Al Gore, John Kerry and Barack Obama, and as such it will be tough for Republicans to contest it. As you would expect, Democrats have a strong bench, topped by two politicians who were expected to run for Governor but unexpectedly chose not to do so: Lieutenant Governor Elizabeth Roberts and Providence Mayor David Cicilline.
That said, the GOP will argue that RI-01 is no more Democratic than Massachusetts and as such could be vulnerable if the environment remains as favorable for the party as it was last month. In fact, Republicans already have a credible candidate in the race: state Rep. John Loughlin has been touted by the NRCC for many months already and his presence in the race should force Democrats to pay attention. That said, it is one thing for the GOP to pour resources in Massachusetts when there are no other contests to take care of, it is another to prioritize RI-01 over the dozens of more obviously vulnerable seats that will be in play this fall.
One potential wild card is that Buddy Cianci, who served as Mayor of Providence for twenty years before being convicted of racketeering conspiracy and serving four years in federal prison, might run as a Republican.

